Historical Approach Research Articles

Unlocking Landscapes Through Westonbirt’s Archive

There are growing calls across research, policy and practice to enable historic designed landscape experiences – from country estate gardens through to public parks and arboretums – that are accessible and engaging for all. In this paper, we highlight how meaningful access reaches beyond measures to enable physical presence in a landscape to the ways in which such landscapes, and human-plant relationships, are storied and interpreted, ensuring that people can also identify as part of the evolving stories of such places. Using twentieth century archival sources, particularly the diaries of foresters, held on site at Westonbirt, the National Arboretum in Gloucestershire, UK, we suggest ways in which sensory history approaches can be used to bring greater depth, context and diversity to historic designed landscape interpretation. Applying these approaches to archival research offers the potential to broaden the stories shared about such landscapes, enabling people to learn about and relate to the varied social and sensory histories of these significant places, plants and the people that shaped them.

Performing social advocacy: A critical sociolinguistic analysis of selected songs of Beautiful Nubia

This study examines social advocacies in the songs of Segun Akinlolu (aka Beautiful Nubia). The data for the study comprises ten purposively selected songs by the artist. These songs are Seven Lifes, Owuro Lojo (How do you do?), Ma Ba Won So, Baba Mimo, Jangbalajugbu, Ohun Oju Nri, Table Turns, E K'omo L'ede, Small People’s Anthem, and Mind of Your Own. The study blends critical sociolinguistic and discourse historical approach (DHA) of critical discourse studies in data analysis. The analysis shows that through symbolism, imagery, juxtaposition, rhetorical question and irony, Beautiful Nubia prioritises social advocacies in his songs by enlightening and raising people’s consciousness about unity of purpose, patriotism, justice and equity, national courage and resilience, cultural preservation and linguistic identity. The study concludes that Beautiful Nubia sees music and its performance as a public enlightenment tool for sociopolitical advancement and societal repositioning.            

ONEGIN AND MANAS, VALIKHANOV AND BELINSKY; RUSSIAN LITERARY CRITICISM AND KYRGYZ ORAL POETRY

This paper examines the original context of the words ‘encyclopaedia’ and ‘epic’ concerning Manas. A New Historicism approach to the origin of this association, an 1861 Russian-language publication by Chokan Valikhanov, illuminates his likely use of a formulation - both verbal and conceptual - of literary critic Vissarion Belinsky, and placing Valikhanov’s interest in epics in pan-European (and Russian) early-nineteenth century socio-political context. Valikhanov’s comments display the placing of an interpretative framework from Russian literary criticism onto Kyrgyz oral poetry. This paper questions the continued use of the terminology related to nineteenth-century Russian colonialism and its significant impact on the Manas interpretation and valueing.

The Impact of ILO Convention No. 182 (1999) on Safeguarding Against Child Labor in Indonesia

Child labor poses a serious challenge to Indonesia's commitment to children's rights and workplace protection. ILO Convention No. 182 has become a crucial global guideline in combating this issue. Using doctrinal legal research with an analytical descriptive component and includes the comparative approach, the statute approach, and the historical approach. Using secondary data, which included primary, secondary, and tertiary legal material and with library research and examined resources relating to the topics under investigation with qualitative analysis. Before ratification, weak enforcement and inadequate regulations left child workers vulnerable to health risks and exploitation. The ratification marked a pivotal moment, aligning Indonesia's laws with international standards to better safeguard children from exploitative labor practices, emphasizing the urgent need for stronger protections and enforcement measures.

Impossible homecomings in the Scythian logos of Herodotus

AbstractThis paper explores the theme of the homecoming (nostos) by examining the homecomings of the Scythians in Book Four of The Histories of Herodotus from two different approaches, the philological and historical. As Herodotus makes clear, for Scythians, such as the famous traveler Anacharsis and the Scythian king Scyles, returning home could be deadly. From the philological approach, which emphasizes the literary nature of the Scythian logos, this pattern of thematic repetitions of denied homecomings serves to emphasize the hostile nature of Scythia for outsiders and thus to increase the tension surrounding the outcome of the larger narrative of Book Four, which describes the disastrous military campaign of the Persian king Darius I in Scythia. However, from the historical approach, which regards the account of Herodotus as a historical source that provides valuable testimony when combined with other sources of evidence, it becomes clear that these stories of impossible homecomings also reflect the conditions at the Greek frontier of the Scythian world and for Scythians like Anacharsis and Scyles who adopted foreign customs, especially Greek religious practices, namely that in this region marked by competition and conflict, including religious conflict, adopting foreign customs meant it was not possible to return home again.

Traditional Mechanisms of Culture Transmission at the Present State of Society

The article is aimed at describing the current state and role in modern culture of the main traditional mechanisms for transmitting culture, preserving cultural memory and passing it on to next generations (customs, rituals, traditions, religion, myth, folklore, art, education, family). The research was carried out on the basis of systemic, activity-based, integration, historical approaches, methods of historical analysis, structural-functional, and axiological approach. It has been revealed that traditional mechanisms of cultural transmission continue to play a vital role in the modern cultural space. At the same time, their transformation, observed at the present time, reflects objective trends in the development of society and civilization as a whole, their accelerated development. Culture exists as a combination of traditional and innovative; it cannot be static and is constantly evolving. The problem is the reaction of a number of representatives of the scientific community to the modification of cultural instruments. The dynamics of social and cultural development in recent decades have become more obvious than before, which has caused a number of researchers to desire to go back and revive the traditional mechanisms of cultural transmission. The unity of traditional and innovative mechanisms for transmitting culture is a ground for its positive development.

Transparency of Information about the CSTO Collective Security Regions in the Context of Hybrid Warfare and Cognitive Security

The article is devoted to the analysis and criticism of the cognitive role of the information and analytical potential of the CSTO in the conditions of hybrid pressure from the actors of the Eurasian arc of instability [5, p. 62]. The object and subject of the study considered, respectively, the information content of the Organization’s website and published data on collective security regions.Aim. To substantiate the need for finding new ways to interact with the target audience, as well as the transition from the reactive principle of crisis response to a system for preventing and resolving crisis situations based on a scientific approach and advanced information technologies.Tasks. To reveal the importance of transparency of current data on the boundaries and regions of collective security of the CSTO cognitive security in conditions of escalation and psychological pressure from the outside. Propose a new direction for the development of the official websites of the Organization.Methods. The study was carried out from the perspective of a civilizational and historical approach, systemic and critical analysis.Results. An original interpretation of the cognitive role and inclusiveness of publicly available data published on the website of an international security organization is presented.Conclusions. The multifactorial scientific search for reliable information and the public availability of information on the issues of the regions and borders of the CSTO is acquiring increasing theoretical and practical importance. It is advisable to consider the situation on the borders and in the regions of collective security of the CSTO through the prism of spatial-geographical, military-political and socioeconomic factors. Activating the cognitive role, transparency and inclusiveness of published open information about the activities of the CSTO are promising ways to build up the Organization’s potential in a hybrid war.

A Luang-Szigetek helyi bölcsessége: A ‘Hygeralay’ történeti aspektusai

This research aims to identify hygeralai from a historical aspect as one of the local types of local knowledge that lives in the indigenous community of Luang Island, Maluku Province, Indonesia. This research uses a qualitative research method with a historical approach. Data collection techniques in this research through in-depth interviews, field observations and literature studies. The analysis technique used in this research is historical analysis. The results of field research show that the etymology of hygeralai began as a sign of identity, a sign of ownership, a sign of territorial boundaries and used by the ancestors of Luang Island at that time. In its development, it underwent changes related to several attributes and organization when Protestant Christianity entered. The results of exploration in the field show that the etymology of hygeralai is also influenced by the environment and geography. This is evidenced by its affiliation with one of the plants that grow on Luang Island, the koli tree. From this affiliation material, it is also important to display the position of Luang Island in the division of flora in Indonesia according to Wallacea and Weber line. Thus, we can analyze the history of plant movements used by the ancestors in etymology of hygeralai. The hygeralai research results from this historical position are then compared in general with other terms in Maluku related to environmental and natural resource management. The results of this research contribute to local history, especially the management of natural resources based on local wisdom in coastal communities and border areas.

Deadlines and Due Dates: The Impact of Pregnancy and Motherhood on Journalists From the 1950s to the 2020s

This study investigates how pregnancy and motherhood affect women journalists of the past and present. A mixed method approach of oral histories and qualitative interviews highlights how pregnancy and motherhood have affected women journalists over time, from 1950 to 2023. This article argues that because the U.S. newsroom was not conceptualized and built with women in mind, pregnant and new mother-journalists have faced historic and unique challenges. Findings from this mixed method approach present three major themes: the stigma of the pregnant journalist, the challenges of maternity leave policies, and the obstacles to lactation and breastfeeding as a working journalist.

Позиции России и США по вопросам ядерной безопасности и перспективы новых договоренностей

In the modern complex system of international relations, in a situation of escalating confrontation between Russia and the United States, increasing tension in relations between Western countries and the "Global South", arms control, primarily nuclear, as well as non-proliferation of nuclear weapons, continues to be one of the most important areas of Russian foreign and defense policy. The Russian Federation pays priority attention to strengthening and developing the system of international treaties in the fields of strategic security and arms control. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to consider the prospects for one of the key aspects of the Russian-American agreements - nuclear arms control and the achievement of sustainable strategic stability. This led to the active use of such methods as analysis and synthesis of data on the current state of nuclear strategic security, a historical approach that identifies the previous context of agreements, as well as a comparative analysis focused on comparing the basic approaches, interests, goals and priorities of the Russian and American sides. Based on foreign policy imperatives, including consolidating Russia's role as a guarantor of international stability and arms control, the authors propose a non-standard scenario for restoring the viability of the key START Treaty of 2010. The article suggests the outlines of possible concrete solutions and potential elements of agreements that can become the basic topic for the resumption of bilateral consultations on strategic stability and an integral part of the new agreement. The authors conclude that reaching mutually acceptable agreements on this topical issue will have a positive impact on reducing the military threat and reducing the risks of unleashing a nuclear conflict, which meets the strategic interests of Russian national security and global stability.

Implication of institutional informality in the historical urban evolution of Morocco: Case studies of Fes and Oujda

This paper is concerned with the role of informality in the spatial and institutional development of post-colonial cities. The study uses a historical institutionalist approach to trace the historical evolution of Morocco's Fes and Oujda as two former French colonies. It analyzes the historical urban growth of both cities through archival research, policy analysis, and complements its findings with semi-structured interviews. This study explores the different interactions between formal policies and the informal spatial and institutional urban practices, and discusses the processes of incremental institutional change that informal institutions introduce and sustain without disrupting the status-quo. This paper argues that in post-colonial contexts, informality prevails over formality as a stronger feedback mechanism to path dependence. Finally, the paper makes the case for the importance of mapping informal practices within and in relation to formal planning institutional structures for more comprehensive understandings of the role and the impact of spatial planning as a practice.

Querying ‘Global’ Music History: Significant Geographies between Goswami Pannalal and Queen Victoria

Abstract Global music history projects have become increasingly popular in recent years. Going global has its advantages: it develops conversations between researchers working on disparate regions; it sheds light on larger frameworks that are less evident on smaller scales of analysis; it decentres how we teach music history; and it retraces a global hinterland for music systems that have conventionally been called ‘Western’. At the same time, the global history approach raises challenges for researchers working on the world beyond Europe. In particular, there is the danger of unintentionally reinstating Eurocentrism, either by uncritically exporting research questions based on the European experience to the wider world, or by narrowing our focus onto those musicians and scholars who engaged with European ideas and practices, especially in colonial settings. This work is valuable, but it also comes with risks. This essay considers these problems through a case study: a largely forgotten music scholar, Goswami Pannalal, who travelled and taught across north India in the late nineteenth century. Examining his musicological study in Hindi, the Nād Binod (‘Sonic Delight’, 1896), I consider how far asking ‘global’ questions might shed light on his work, and offer an alternative reading based on a ‘significant geographies’ approach.

The Naqsabandiyah Khalidiyah Order: Syaikh Imam Manaqib's Role in Sufi Preaching in Adiluwih, Pringsewu 1960-1988

This study examines the Sufi teachings of Sheikh Imam Manaqib, with a focus on his role in spreading the Naqshbandiyya Khalidiyya Sufi order in Adiluwih and its surrounding areas. Sheikh Imam Manaqib, originally from East Java, migrated to Lampung in the 1950s and chose Adiluwih as his place of residence. This study employs a historical research approach with a social perspective. The author utilizes the Great Man Theory as an analytical tool. The results revealed that Sheikh Imam Manaqib played a significant role in his Sufi mission by dedicating himself to disseminating knowledge and seeking spiritual enlightenment. Sheikh Imam Manaqib developed a profound understanding of Sufism through formal and informal education in East Java, especially at the Islamic boarding school Mambaul Hikam. His teachings encompassed various subjects, ranging from the fundamentals of Sufism to the practical implementation of the doctrines of the Naqshbandiyya Khalidiyya order. Additionally, unique practices such as “Turu Mayit” were taught to seekers as part of their spiritual development. Sheikh Imam Manaqib’s efforts in teaching the Naqshbandiyya Khalidiyya order resulted in the rapid formation of a thriving community, officially recognized by the Central Lampung Regent in 1988. His legacy continues to have an impact to this day, influencing spiritual seekers from various age groups and backgrounds. This research provides insights into Sheikh Imam Manaqib’s distinctive approach to teaching the Sufi order and underscores the enduring influence of his teachings on the Lampung community.
 Keywords: Sufi Order, Sufism, Naqshbandiyyah Khalidiyah, Sheikh Imam Manaqib, Sufi Preaching

Islamic Literacy: The Role of KH Ghalib in Islamic Preaching and Education in Pringsewu, Lampung 1930-1945

This research highlights the crucial role of KH. Ghalib in enriching literacy through Islamic preaching and education in the Lampung Province. The research methodology employs a historical approach comprising four steps: heuristic, verification, interpretation, and historiography. Primary information was obtained through interviews with community figures in Pringsewu who have in-depth knowledge of KH. Ghalib’s role in preaching. The research results indicate that KH. Ghalib was a reformist fighter born in 1899 in Mojosantren Village, Krian, East Java. After completing his education at the Tebuireng Islamic Boarding School, he embarked on a preaching journey that took him to various regions in Indonesia, including North Sumatra, Malaysia, and Kalimantan. In 1927, after performing the Hajj pilgrimage, KH. Ghalib arrived in Singapore and from there, he traveled to Pringsewu, Lampung. KH. Ghalib established the first madrasah in the region in 1930, using an education method based on memorization and sorogan. Additionally, KH. Ghalib was active in preaching activities and managed various economic initiatives to support the operation of the madrasah. These efforts demonstrate the significant role of KH. Ghalib in promoting Islamic literacy in the Pringsewu Subdistrict, making a substantial contribution to the development of education and the dissemination of Islamic values in the community during the period of 1930-1945.
 Keywords: Islamic Literacy, KH Ghalib, Preaching, Islamic Education, Fighter

Variations on a Theme: Heidegger and Judaism

Abstract This essay surveys a number of prominent, recurring, and new directions in the growing scholarly discourse on the theme “Heidegger and Judaism” arranged under three headings. The first, the contrastive framing, encompasses cases in which the relationship between Heidegger and Judaism is perceived as antithetical. The second, the conjunctive framing, encompasses views claiming the existence of affinities and parallels between Heidegger and Judaism, grouped under three subheadings: “Heidegger and biblical thinking,” “Heidegger and Kabbalah,” and “Heidegger and the Jewish nation.” The third, historical perspectives, uses the approach of intellectual history to explore visions of Judaism that are developed as part of engagements with Heidegger’s philosophy.

Naskah Akademik: Inkonsistensi Peraturan Dan Keterlibatan Pendidikan Tinggi

The purpose of this research is to determine the form of unclear norms in the preparation of academic texts, and to determine the involvement of universities through academic texts in the formation of regional regulations. The method used in this research uses normative legal research methods which raise the theme of legal systematics or the systematics of statutory regulations with vertical and horizontal levels of synchronization, with legal, conceptual, historical, theoretical and interpretive approaches. The results of this research show that explanatory words or adverbs, and/or academic texts have very different positions so that their diction cannot be in harmony because each position is very different. Apart from that, there are inconsistencies in norms which cause laws and regulations to be out of sync with each other, so that there is no normative harmonization from a vertical and/or horizontal perspective. Meanwhile, higher education institutions' involvement in academic texts is still situationally involuntary, namely a temporary situation within the limits of academic paper preparation activities and there is no aspect of continuity of this involvement. Thus, the position of academic texts is very respectable, however, in terms of legal norms governing academic texts, they are still not clear, so there is no legal certainty.

Armenian Cochineal and the Red Color of Armenia in Russian Literature

The article examines the genesis of the red color, which acts as a pattern of the «Armenian text of Russian literature» on the basis of Russian poetic texts (B. Pasternak, F. Sologub, O. Mandelstam, N. Konchalovskaya, P. Antokolsky, I. Snegova, P. Pyanykh, L. Shahverdyan) and prose (B. Kuzin, O. Mandelstam,
 Yu. Karabchievsky, M. Saryan, V. Grossman). The subject of the article is the connection of the insect code presented in the discourse with the color red. Analytics is based on biographical, quantitative methods, linguistic analysis of the text and is carried out on the basis of a historical and cultural approach. The
 recent works that reveal the patterns of the «Armenian text» do not mention the connection between cochineal and red color metaphors found in this article. The conclusions obtained enrich the cultural and philological concept contained in the framework of the «Armenian text» and expand the poetic context of the biological organism mentioned in the poems of Russian poets. The article presents an additional (to the already existing) perspective in the analysis of O. Mandelstam's poem «Inside the mountain, an idol is inactive...»: the image of the idol is
 embedded in an ekphrastic sculptural row with the mythological Golem.

A proposed program based on the global education approach in teaching history to develop awareness of some contemporary global problems and some economic values among middle school students

A proposed program based on the global education approach in teaching history to develop awareness of some contemporary global problems and some economic values among middle school students

Between Kochel and Kalmunz. Early plein airs by Gabriele Munter at the school "Phalanx" by Vasily Kandinsky.

The subject of the study of the proposed article is the early plein-air works of the German expressionist artist Gabriele Munter, later a member of the Blue Horseman art association, a student and friend of Vasily Kandinsky. The authors of the article aim to review and introduce into scientific circulation a number of Munter's sketches created by her during summer trips to the plein air in 1902-1903 to the Alpine towns of Kochel and Kalmunz with the Munich art school "Phalanx", headed by Kandinsky. The article also examines the picturesque plein-air works by Kandinsky, created by him in the same years there, in Bavaria - mainly landscapes and sketches of figures in the landscape. The authors of the study see as their task to trace the influence of Kandinsky's artistic manner and his role as a teacher on the formation of a Munter painter.  The research methodology includes formal stylistic, comparative methods of art criticism analysis, as well as a comprehensive historical and biographical approach. The relevance of the study is due to its scientific novelty: the authors of the article for the first time in Russian-language art history literature describe the pre-expressionist works of Munter during the period of joint plein-airs with Kandinsky, trace the formation of her artistic vision and picturesque manner, the influence of Kandinsky on her formation. The development of the impressionistic technique common to Munter and Kandinsky in the early 1900s, according to the authors of the article, is combined with individual searches for expressiveness of form and color. The first experiments of plein-air oil painting in a special "spatula technique" under the guidance of Kandinsky were accompanied by the successful search for Munter in the field of graphics, mastering the technique of printing color woodcuts. The authors of the article come to the conclusion that the formation of the original manner of Munter was equally influenced by both pictorial emancipation through sketching practice in oil, as well as their own experiences in drawing and engraving.

Membrane supported liquid-liquid oxygenation for use in Extracorporeal Life Support – Proof of Principle

Chronic respiratory diseases are the third most frequent cause of death worldwide. However, the limited availability of transplantable organs led to an increased research effort in artificial lung systems. Current artificial lung systems use hollow fibre membrane-based oxygenators. Historic oxygenators using a direct liquid-gas or liquid-liquid interface outperformed todays hollow-fibre technology in terms of gas-transfer. However, these approaches were no longer pursued due to risk of embolization by gas or liquid droplet formation in the blood stream. The herein presented approach of a membrane-supported liquid-liquid oxygenator combines todays hollow-fibre technology with historic liquid-liquid approaches to achieve a stable interface without the risk of embolization but with the advantages of a higher gas-transfer and a decreasing foreign membrane surface of the oxygenator. Perfluoro-n-hexane was chosen as a hemocompatible carrier fluid for the presented liquid-liquid approach. In the proof-of-principle oxygenator, O2 and CO2 gas-transfers were measured to be 1.83 mmolO2 and 1.34 mmolCO2, respectively. No Perfluoro-n-hexane droplets were detected in the blood after the experiment. This study demonstrates the proof of principle of a new membrane-supported liquid-liquid oxygenator.